POPEn Ent.'s "My Great Grandfather Told Me..." #HIDstoryLesson Series - Chapter 2 Episode 5

Welcome,

Greetings and Salutations to the Village members and future Village members alike.

Welcome to Episode 2 of Chapter 5 - "Toxines" is the topic and we are learning #FaxOverFixedShun from my Great Grandfather who is one of the greatest #DoctorsOfMedicine #GreatGrandfather #HIDstorian this planet has ever known.

POPE Ben E. Ficial the First: "The people have been giving us great feedback, and we need that. I want to get right back to it if we can Great Grandfather. They don't want to hear from the powers that never should have been in the first place any more.

Great Grandfather Dr. Ernest C. Dickson MD: "After it was found out that these other organisms, such as the typhoid bacillus, the cholera vibrio and the pneumococcus, do not produce any soluble toxic substance, the question arose as to how they produce the lesions found in man? A great deal of work has been done on an entirely different group of substances, which in contra-distinction to the extra-cellular toxines are known as the intra-cellular toxines. It has been suggested that possibly organisms like the cholera vibrio and the typhoid bacillus, while they do not secrete any poison, nevertheless contain a poison in the bacterial cells and that by certain methods of breaking up these bacterial cells it might be possible to obtain the essential principle of the microorganisms. One method of accomplishing this purpose was to grind up the organisms ; dry them, for instance, free them from the albuminous material in the cultures and grind them up. By breaking up the bacterial cells in this way and extracting these cells with water it was hoped that one could produce the lesions found in the diseases. Another method of accomplishing the same purpose was by freezing. It was thought that by freezing the microorganisms or subjecting them to the pressure of liquid air and various other means one could extract from the bacterial bodies the poisons which are the cause of the pathological changes. A great deal of work has been done along similar lines by the chemists and in the hygienic laboratory of the University of Michigan under the direction of Prof. Vaughn a number of students have attempted to obtain the active principle of various organisms, especially of the Bacillus coli and the Bacillus typhosus. There is no doubt but that one can obtain far more toxic substances by breaking up the bacteria in some such way. It has not yet been shown, however, with any degree of definiteness, that substances so obtained will produce in animals the lesions which one finds in man in such a disease as typhoid fever. Nevertheless, most bacteriologists believe in intra-cellular toxines ; maintaining that a certain group of microorganisms produce substances which are liberated in the animal body only by the breaking up of the bacterial cell. They believe, for instance, that in such a disease as typhoid fever, in certain stages of the disease, before there is much disintegration of the bacteria causing the disease, there are no particularly pronounced phenomena of toxaemia ; but that just as soon as a stage is reached in typhoid fever in which we have a considerable amount of disintegration of the typhoid bacillus that we then encounter a toxaemic condition we find that the patients are suffering from an intoxication. It is supposed, therefore, that the lesions and symptoms are due to the liberation of this intra-cellular toxine.

There is a certain amount of doubt as to the possibility of obtaining from this other group of microorganisms substances which are capable of producing the lesions seen in man. In this connection one should mention the theory which Dr. Welch has enunciated. He believes that the bacteria growing outside of the body in cultural fluids do not secrete toxic substances ; that it is probably only by the actual development of the organisms in the body itself that the organisms are in a condition to produce the toxic substance. In other words, the typhoid bacillus when growing in a culture cannot produce the typhoid poison ; the typhoid bacillus when growing in the animal body is so acted upon by the juices and cells of the body that it produces a poisonous substance which is quite distinct from any substance which can be produced in cultures, and this substance is the cause of the lesions of the disease. (Dr. Welch will take up that theory more carefully in his talks upon immunity, and especially in discussing theories of immunity.) It should by mentioned now, however, in the discussion as to the action of intracellular toxines because there is some reason to believe that this other group of bacteria cannot produce the specific substances causing the lesions except in the animal body."

POPE Ben E. Ficial the First: "I think that we gave em enough homework by putting them "search engines" to work! If you're feeling our chemistry and you support a #HIDstorian who couldn't charge my people who they keeping it away from.

Share if you care that you ever were here!

Sign up before time's up!

#FaxOverFixedShun #ProvidingOursProperEducation #HIDstoryLessons #TaksSon #HIDstorian #TheFaxHasNoAdversaries #WhydJuly #Homemade #BlackOwnedBusiness #BlackTwitter

Support a #HIDstorian @ CashApp $beneficial415